PiGear API

class PiGear:
    """
    PiGear is similar to CamGear API but exclusively made to support various Raspberry Pi Camera Modules (such as OmniVision OV5647 Camera Module and Sony IMX219 Camera Module).
    PiGear provides a flexible multi-threaded framework around complete picamera python library, and provide us the ability to exploit almost all of its parameters like brightness,
    saturation, sensor_mode, iso, exposure, etc. effortlessly. Furthermore, PiGear also supports multiple camera modules, such as in the case of Raspberry-Pi Compute Module IO boards.

    Best of all, PiGear contains Threaded Internal Timer - that silently keeps active track of any frozen-threads/hardware-failures and exit safely, if any does occur. That means that
    if you're running PiGear API in your script and someone accidentally pulls the Camera-Module cable out, instead of going into possible kernel panic, API will exit safely to save resources.

    !!! warning "Make sure to enable [Raspberry Pi hardware-specific settings](https://picamera.readthedocs.io/en/release-1.13/quickstart.html) prior using this API, otherwise nothing will work."
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        camera_num=0,
        resolution=(640, 480),
        framerate=30,
        colorspace=None,
        logging=False,
        time_delay=0,
        **options
    ):
        """
        This constructor method initializes the object state and attributes of the PiGear class.

        Parameters:
            camera_num (int): selects the camera module index which will be used as source.
            resolution (tuple): sets the resolution (i.e. `(width,height)`) of the source..
            framerate (int/float): sets the framerate of the source.
            colorspace (str): selects the colorspace of the input stream.
            logging (bool): enables/disables logging.
            time_delay (int): time delay (in sec) before start reading the frames.
            options (dict): provides ability to alter Source Tweak Parameters.
        """
        # print current version
        logcurr_vidgear_ver(logging=logging)

        # raise error(s) for critical Class imports
        import_dependency_safe(
            "picamera" if picamera is None else "",
        )

        # enable logging if specified
        self.__logging = False
        if logging:
            self.__logging = logging

        assert (
            isinstance(framerate, (int, float)) and framerate > 5.0
        ), "[PiGear:ERROR] :: Input framerate value `{}` is a Invalid! Kindly read docs.".format(
            framerate
        )
        assert (
            isinstance(resolution, (tuple, list)) and len(resolution) == 2
        ), "[PiGear:ERROR] :: Input resolution value `{}` is a Invalid! Kindly read docs.".format(
            resolution
        )
        if not (isinstance(camera_num, int) and camera_num >= 0):
            camera_num = 0
            logger.warning(
                "Input camera_num value `{}` is invalid, Defaulting to index 0!"
            )

        # initialize the picamera stream at given index
        self.__camera = PiCamera(camera_num=camera_num)
        self.__camera.resolution = tuple(resolution)
        self.__camera.framerate = framerate
        self.__logging and logger.debug(
            "Activating Pi camera at index: {} with resolution: {} & framerate: {}".format(
                camera_num, resolution, framerate
            )
        )

        # initialize framerate variable
        self.framerate = framerate

        # initializing colorspace variable
        self.color_space = None

        # reformat dict
        options = {str(k).strip(): v for k, v in options.items()}

        # define timeout variable default value(handles hardware failures)
        self.__failure_timeout = options.pop("HWFAILURE_TIMEOUT", 2.0)
        if isinstance(self.__failure_timeout, (int, float)):
            if not (10.0 > self.__failure_timeout > 1.0):
                raise ValueError(
                    "[PiGear:ERROR] :: `HWFAILURE_TIMEOUT` value can only be between 1.0 ~ 10.0"
                )
            self.__logging and logger.debug(
                "Setting HW Failure Timeout: {} seconds".format(self.__failure_timeout)
            )
        else:
            # reset improper values
            self.__failure_timeout = 2.0

        try:
            # apply attributes to source if specified
            for key, value in options.items():
                self.__logging and logger.debug(
                    "Setting Parameter: {} = '{}'".format(key, value)
                )
                setattr(self.__camera, key, value)
        except Exception as e:
            # Catch if any error occurred
            logger.exception(str(e))

        # separately handle colorspace value to int conversion
        if not (colorspace is None):
            self.color_space = capPropId(colorspace.strip())
            if self.__logging and not (self.color_space is None):
                logger.debug(
                    "Enabling `{}` colorspace for this video stream!".format(
                        colorspace.strip()
                    )
                )

        # enable rgb capture array thread and capture stream
        self.__rawCapture = PiRGBArray(self.__camera, size=resolution)
        self.stream = self.__camera.capture_continuous(
            self.__rawCapture, format="bgr", use_video_port=True
        )

        # frame variable initialization
        self.frame = None
        try:
            stream = next(self.stream)
            self.frame = stream.array
            self.__rawCapture.seek(0)
            self.__rawCapture.truncate()
            # render colorspace if defined
            if not (self.frame is None) and not (self.color_space is None):
                self.frame = cv2.cvtColor(self.frame, self.color_space)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception(str(e))
            raise RuntimeError("[PiGear:ERROR] :: Camera Module failed to initialize!")

        # applying time delay to warm-up picamera only if specified
        if time_delay and isinstance(time_delay, (int, float)):
            time.sleep(time_delay)

        # thread initialization
        self.__thread = None

        # timer thread initialization(Keeps check on frozen thread)
        self.__timer = None
        self.__t_elasped = 0.0  # records time taken by thread

        # catching thread exceptions
        self.__exceptions = None

        # initialize termination flag
        self.__terminate = False

    def start(self):
        """
        Launches the internal *Threaded Frames Extractor* daemon

        **Returns:** A reference to the CamGear class object.
        """

        # Start frame producer thread
        self.__thread = Thread(target=self.__update, name="PiGear", args=())
        self.__thread.daemon = True
        self.__thread.start()

        # Start internal timer thread
        self.__timer = Thread(target=self.__timeit, name="PiTimer", args=())
        self.__timer.daemon = True
        self.__timer.start()

        return self

    def __timeit(self):
        """
        Threaded Internal Timer that keep checks on thread execution timing
        """

        # assign current time
        self.__t_elasped = time.time()

        # loop until termainated
        while not (self.__terminate):
            # check for frozen thread
            if time.time() - self.__t_elasped > self.__failure_timeout:
                # log failure
                self.__logging and logger.critical("Camera Module Disconnected!")
                # prepare for clean exit
                self.__exceptions = True
                self.__terminate = True  # self-terminate

    def __update(self):
        """
        A **Threaded Frames Extractor**, that keep iterating frames from PiCamera API to a internal monitored deque,
        until the thread is terminated, or frames runs out.
        """
        # keep looping infinitely until the thread is terminated
        while not (self.__terminate):

            try:
                # Try to iterate next frame from generator
                stream = next(self.stream)
            except Exception:
                # catch and save any exceptions
                self.__exceptions = sys.exc_info()
                break  # exit

            # __update timer
            self.__t_elasped = time.time()

            # grab the frame from the stream and clear the stream in
            # preparation for the next frame
            frame = stream.array
            self.__rawCapture.seek(0)
            self.__rawCapture.truncate()

            # apply colorspace if specified
            if not (self.color_space is None):
                # apply colorspace to frames
                color_frame = None
                try:
                    if isinstance(self.color_space, int):
                        color_frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, self.color_space)
                    else:
                        self.__logging and logger.warning(
                            "Global color_space parameter value `{}` is not a valid!".format(
                                self.color_space
                            )
                        )
                        self.color_space = None
                except Exception as e:
                    # Catch if any error occurred
                    self.color_space = None
                    if self.__logging:
                        logger.exception(str(e))
                        logger.warning("Input colorspace is not a valid colorspace!")

                if not (color_frame is None):
                    self.frame = color_frame
                else:
                    self.frame = frame
            else:
                self.frame = frame

        # terminate processes
        if not (self.__terminate):
            self.__terminate = True

        # release picamera resources
        self.__rawCapture.close()
        self.__camera.close()

    def read(self):
        """
        Extracts frames synchronously from monitored deque, while maintaining a fixed-length frame buffer in the memory,
        and blocks the thread if the deque is full.

        **Returns:** A n-dimensional numpy array.
        """
        # check if there are any thread exceptions
        if not (self.__exceptions is None):
            if isinstance(self.__exceptions, bool):
                # clear frame
                self.frame = None
                # notify user about hardware failure
                raise SystemError(
                    "[PiGear:ERROR] :: Hardware failure occurred, Kindly reconnect Camera Module and restart your Pi!"
                )
            else:
                # clear frame
                self.frame = None
                # re-raise error for debugging
                error_msg = (
                    "[PiGear:ERROR] :: Camera Module API failure occured: {}".format(
                        self.__exceptions[1]
                    )
                )
                raise RuntimeError(error_msg).with_traceback(self.__exceptions[2])

        # return the frame
        return self.frame

    def stop(self):
        """
        Safely terminates the thread, and release the VideoStream resources.
        """
        self.__logging and logger.debug("Terminating PiGear Processes.")

        # make sure that the threads should be terminated
        self.__terminate = True

        # stop timer thread
        if not (self.__timer is None):
            self.__timer.join()
            self.__timer = None

        # handle camera thread
        if not (self.__thread is None):
            # check if hardware failure occured
            if not (self.__exceptions is None) and isinstance(self.__exceptions, bool):
                # force release picamera resources
                self.__rawCapture.close()
                self.__camera.close()
            # properly handle thread exit
            self.__thread.join()  # wait if still process is still processing some information
            # remove any threads
            self.__thread = None