WebGear API

class WebGear:
    """
    WebGear is a powerful ASGI Video-Broadcaster API ideal for transmitting Motion-JPEG-frames from a single source to multiple recipients via the browser.

    WebGear API works on Starlette's ASGI application and provides a highly extensible and flexible async wrapper around its complete framework. WebGear can
    flexibly interact with Starlette's ecosystem of shared middleware, mountable applications, Response classes, Routing tables, Static Files, Templating
    engine(with Jinja2), etc.

    WebGear API uses an intraframe-only compression scheme under the hood where the sequence of video-frames are first encoded as JPEG-DIB (JPEG with Device-Independent Bit compression)
    and then streamed over HTTP using Starlette's Multipart Streaming Response and a Uvicorn ASGI Server. This method imposes lower processing and memory requirements, but the quality
    is not the best, since JPEG compression is not very efficient for motion video.

    In layman's terms, WebGear acts as a powerful Video Broadcaster that transmits live video-frames to any web-browser in the network. Additionally, WebGear API also provides internal
    wrapper around VideoGear, which itself provides internal access to both CamGear and PiGear APIs, thereby granting it exclusive power for transferring frames incoming from any source to the network.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        enablePiCamera=False,
        stabilize=False,
        source=None,
        camera_num=0,
        stream_mode=False,
        backend=0,
        colorspace=None,
        resolution=(640, 480),
        framerate=25,
        logging=False,
        time_delay=0,
        **options
    ):
        """
        This constructor method initializes the object state and attributes of the WebGear class.

        Parameters:
            enablePiCamera (bool): provide access to PiGear(if True) or CamGear(if False) APIs respectively.
            stabilize (bool): enable access to Stabilizer Class for stabilizing frames.
            camera_num (int): selects the camera module index which will be used as Rpi source.
            resolution (tuple): sets the resolution (i.e. `(width,height)`) of the Rpi source.
            framerate (int/float): sets the framerate of the Rpi source.
            source (based on input): defines the source for the input stream.
            stream_mode (bool): controls the exclusive YouTube Mode.
            backend (int): selects the backend for OpenCV's VideoCapture class.
            colorspace (str): selects the colorspace of the input stream.
            logging (bool): enables/disables logging.
            time_delay (int): time delay (in sec) before start reading the frames.
            options (dict): provides ability to alter Tweak Parameters of WebGear, CamGear, PiGear & Stabilizer.
        """
        # print current version
        logcurr_vidgear_ver(logging=logging)

        # raise error(s) for critical Class imports
        import_dependency_safe("starlette" if starlette is None else "")
        import_dependency_safe(
            "simplejpeg" if simplejpeg is None else "", min_version="1.6.1"
        )

        # initialize global params
        self.__skip_generate_webdata = False  # generate webgear data by default
        # define frame-compression handler
        self.__jpeg_compression_quality = 90  # 90% quality
        self.__jpeg_compression_fastdct = True  # fastest DCT on by default
        self.__jpeg_compression_fastupsample = False  # fastupsample off by default
        self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace = "BGR"  # use BGR colorspace by default
        self.__logging = logging
        self.__frame_size_reduction = 25  # use 25% reduction
        # retrieve interpolation for reduction
        self.__interpolation = retrieve_best_interpolation(
            ["INTER_LINEAR_EXACT", "INTER_LINEAR", "INTER_AREA"]
        )

        custom_video_endpoint = ""  # custom video endpoint path
        custom_data_location = ""  # path to save data-files to custom location
        data_path = ""  # path to WebGear data-files
        overwrite_default = False
        self.__enable_inf = False  # continue frames even when video ends.

        # reformat dictionary
        options = {str(k).strip(): v for k, v in options.items()}

        # assign values to global variables if specified and valid
        if options:
            # check whether to disable Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow
            if "skip_generate_webdata" in options:
                value = options["skip_generate_webdata"]
                # enable jpeg fastdct
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    self.__skip_generate_webdata = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `skip_generate_webdata` value!")
                del options["skip_generate_webdata"]  # clean

            if "jpeg_compression_colorspace" in options:
                value = options["jpeg_compression_colorspace"]
                if isinstance(value, str) and value.strip().upper() in [
                    "RGB",
                    "BGR",
                    "RGBX",
                    "BGRX",
                    "XBGR",
                    "XRGB",
                    "GRAY",
                    "RGBA",
                    "BGRA",
                    "ABGR",
                    "ARGB",
                    "CMYK",
                ]:
                    # set encoding colorspace
                    self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace = value.strip().upper()
                else:
                    logger.warning(
                        "Skipped invalid `jpeg_compression_colorspace` value!"
                    )
                del options["jpeg_compression_colorspace"]  # clean

            if "jpeg_compression_quality" in options:
                value = options["jpeg_compression_quality"]
                # set valid jpeg quality
                if isinstance(value, (int, float)) and value >= 10 and value <= 100:
                    self.__jpeg_compression_quality = int(value)
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `jpeg_compression_quality` value!")
                del options["jpeg_compression_quality"]  # clean

            if "jpeg_compression_fastdct" in options:
                value = options["jpeg_compression_fastdct"]
                # enable jpeg fastdct
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    self.__jpeg_compression_fastdct = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `jpeg_compression_fastdct` value!")
                del options["jpeg_compression_fastdct"]  # clean

            if "jpeg_compression_fastupsample" in options:
                value = options["jpeg_compression_fastupsample"]
                # enable jpeg  fastupsample
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    self.__jpeg_compression_fastupsample = value
                else:
                    logger.warning(
                        "Skipped invalid `jpeg_compression_fastupsample` value!"
                    )
                del options["jpeg_compression_fastupsample"]  # clean

            if "frame_size_reduction" in options:
                value = options["frame_size_reduction"]
                if isinstance(value, (int, float)) and value >= 0 and value <= 90:
                    self.__frame_size_reduction = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `frame_size_reduction` value!")
                del options["frame_size_reduction"]  # clean

            if "custom_video_endpoint" in options:
                value = options["custom_video_endpoint"]
                if value and isinstance(value, str) and value.strip().isalnum():
                    custom_video_endpoint = value.strip()
                    logging and logger.critical(
                        "Using custom video endpoint path: `/{}`".format(
                            custom_video_endpoint
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `custom_video_endpoint` value!")
                del options["custom_video_endpoint"]  # clean

            if "custom_data_location" in options:
                value = options["custom_data_location"]
                if value and isinstance(value, str):
                    assert os.access(
                        value, os.W_OK
                    ), "[WebGear:ERROR] :: Permission Denied!, cannot write WebGear data-files to '{}' directory!".format(
                        value
                    )
                    assert os.path.isdir(
                        os.path.abspath(value)
                    ), "[WebGear:ERROR] :: `custom_data_location` value must be the path to a directory and not to a file!"
                    custom_data_location = os.path.abspath(value)
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `custom_data_location` value!")
                del options["custom_data_location"]  # clean

            if "overwrite_default_files" in options:
                value = options["overwrite_default_files"]
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    overwrite_default = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `overwrite_default_files` value!")
                del options["overwrite_default_files"]  # clean

            if "enable_infinite_frames" in options:
                value = options["enable_infinite_frames"]
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    self.__enable_inf = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `enable_infinite_frames` value!")
                del options["enable_infinite_frames"]  # clean

        # check if disable Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow is disabled
        if not self.__skip_generate_webdata:
            # check if custom data path is specified
            if custom_data_location:
                data_path = generate_webdata(
                    custom_data_location,
                    c_name="webgear",
                    overwrite_default=overwrite_default,
                    logging=logging,
                )
            else:
                # otherwise generate suitable path
                data_path = generate_webdata(
                    os.path.join(expanduser("~"), ".vidgear"),
                    c_name="webgear",
                    overwrite_default=overwrite_default,
                    logging=logging,
                )

            # log it
            self.__logging and logger.debug(
                "`{}` is the default location for saving WebGear data-files.".format(
                    data_path
                )
            )
            # define Jinja2 templates handler
            self.__templates = Jinja2Templates(
                directory="{}/templates".format(data_path)
            )
            # define routing tables
            self.routes = [
                Route("/", endpoint=self.__homepage),
                Route(
                    "/{}".format(
                        custom_video_endpoint if custom_video_endpoint else "video"
                    ),
                    endpoint=self.__video,
                ),
                Mount(
                    "/static",
                    app=StaticFiles(directory="{}/static".format(data_path)),
                    name="static",
                ),
            ]
        else:
            # log it
            self.__logging and logger.critical(
                "WebGear Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow has been manually disabled."
            )
            # define routing tables
            self.routes = [
                Route(
                    "/{}".format(
                        custom_video_endpoint if custom_video_endpoint else "video"
                    ),
                    endpoint=self.__video,
                ),
            ]
            # log exceptions
            self.__logging and logger.warning(
                "Only `/video` route is available for this instance."
            )

        # define custom exception handlers
        self.__exception_handlers = {404: self.__not_found, 500: self.__server_error}
        # define middleware support
        self.middleware = []
        # Handle video source
        if source is None:
            self.config = {"generator": None}
            self.__stream = None
        else:
            # define stream with necessary params
            self.__stream = VideoGear(
                enablePiCamera=enablePiCamera,
                stabilize=stabilize,
                source=source,
                camera_num=camera_num,
                stream_mode=stream_mode,
                backend=backend,
                colorspace=colorspace,
                resolution=resolution,
                framerate=framerate,
                logging=logging,
                time_delay=time_delay,
                **options
            )
            # define default frame generator in configuration
            self.config = {"generator": self.__producer}

        # log if specified
        if self.__logging:
            if source is None:
                logger.warning(
                    "Given source is of NoneType. Therefore, JPEG Frame-Compression is disabled!"
                )
            else:
                logger.debug(
                    "Enabling JPEG Frame-Compression with Colorspace:`{}`, Quality:`{}`%, Fastdct:`{}`, and Fastupsample:`{}`.".format(
                        self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace,
                        self.__jpeg_compression_quality,
                        "enabled" if self.__jpeg_compression_fastdct else "disabled",
                        "enabled"
                        if self.__jpeg_compression_fastupsample
                        else "disabled",
                    )
                )

        # copying original routing tables for further validation
        self.__rt_org_copy = self.routes[:]
        # initialize blank frame
        self.blank_frame = None
        # keeps check if producer loop should be running
        self.__isrunning = True

    def __call__(self):
        """
        Implements a custom Callable method for WebGear application.
        """
        # validate routing tables
        assert not (self.routes is None), "Routing tables are NoneType!"
        if not isinstance(self.routes, list) or not all(
            x in self.routes for x in self.__rt_org_copy
        ):
            raise RuntimeError("[WebGear:ERROR] :: Routing tables are not valid!")

        # validate middlewares
        assert not (self.middleware is None), "Middlewares are NoneType!"
        if self.middleware and (
            not isinstance(self.middleware, list)
            or not all(isinstance(x, Middleware) for x in self.middleware)
        ):
            raise RuntimeError("[WebGear:ERROR] :: Middlewares are not valid!")

        # validate assigned frame generator in WebGear configuration
        if isinstance(self.config, dict) and "generator" in self.config:
            # check if its  assigned value is a asynchronous generator
            if self.config["generator"] is None or not inspect.isasyncgen(
                self.config["generator"]()
            ):
                # otherwise raise error
                raise ValueError(
                    "[WebGear:ERROR] :: Invalid configuration. Assigned generator must be a asynchronous generator function/method only!"
                )
        else:
            # raise error if validation fails
            raise RuntimeError("[WebGear:ERROR] :: Assigned configuration is invalid!")

        # initiate stream
        self.__logging and logger.debug("Initiating Video Streaming.")
        if not (self.__stream is None):
            self.__stream.start()
        # return Starlette application
        self.__logging and logger.debug("Running Starlette application.")
        return Starlette(
            debug=(True if self.__logging else False),
            routes=self.routes,
            middleware=self.middleware,
            exception_handlers=self.__exception_handlers,
            on_shutdown=[self.shutdown],
        )

    async def __producer(self):
        """
        WebGear's default asynchronous frame producer/generator.
        """
        # loop over frames
        while self.__isrunning:
            # read frame
            frame = self.__stream.read()

            # display blank if NoneType
            if frame is None:
                frame = (
                    self.blank_frame
                    if self.blank_frame is None
                    else self.blank_frame[:]
                )
                if not self.__enable_inf:
                    self.__isrunning = False
            else:
                # create blank
                if self.blank_frame is None:
                    self.blank_frame = create_blank_frame(
                        frame=frame,
                        text="No Input" if self.__enable_inf else "The End",
                        logging=self.__logging,
                    )

            # reducer frames size if specified
            if self.__frame_size_reduction:
                frame = await reducer(
                    frame,
                    percentage=self.__frame_size_reduction,
                    interpolation=self.__interpolation,
                )

            # handle JPEG encoding
            if self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace == "GRAY":
                if frame.ndim == 2:
                    # patch for https://gitlab.com/jfolz/simplejpeg/-/issues/11
                    frame = np.expand_dims(frame, axis=2)
                encodedImage = simplejpeg.encode_jpeg(
                    frame,
                    quality=self.__jpeg_compression_quality,
                    colorspace=self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace,
                    fastdct=self.__jpeg_compression_fastdct,
                )
            else:
                encodedImage = simplejpeg.encode_jpeg(
                    frame,
                    quality=self.__jpeg_compression_quality,
                    colorspace=self.__jpeg_compression_colorspace,
                    colorsubsampling="422",
                    fastdct=self.__jpeg_compression_fastdct,
                )

            # yield frame in byte format
            yield (
                b"--frame\r\nContent-Type:image/jpeg\r\n\r\n" + encodedImage + b"\r\n"
            )
            # sleep for sometime.
            await asyncio.sleep(0)

    async def __video(self, scope):
        """
        Returns a async video streaming response.
        """
        assert scope["type"] in ["http", "https"]
        return StreamingResponse(
            self.config["generator"](),
            media_type="multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame",
        )

    async def __homepage(self, request):
        """
        Returns an HTML index page.
        """
        return (
            self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "index.html")
            if not self.__skip_generate_webdata
            else JSONResponse(
                {"detail": "WebGear Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow is disabled!"},
                status_code=404,
            )
        )

    async def __not_found(self, request, exc):
        """
        Returns an HTML 404 page.
        """
        return (
            self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "404.html", status_code=404)
            if not self.__skip_generate_webdata
            else JSONResponse(
                {"detail": "WebGear Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow is disabled!"},
                status_code=404,
            )
        )

    async def __server_error(self, request, exc):
        """
        Returns an HTML 500 page.
        """
        return (
            self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "500.html", status_code=500)
            if not self.__skip_generate_webdata
            else JSONResponse(
                {"detail": "WebGear Data-Files Auto-Generation WorkFlow is disabled!"},
                status_code=500,
            )
        )

    def shutdown(self):
        """
        Implements a Callable to be run on application shutdown
        """
        if not (self.__stream is None):
            self.__logging and logger.debug("Closing Video Streaming.")
            # stops producer
            self.__isrunning = False
            # stops VideoGear stream
            self.__stream.stop()
            # prevent any re-iteration
            self.__stream = None