WebGear_RTC API

class WebGear_RTC:
    """
    WebGear_RTC is similar to WeGear API in many aspects but utilizes WebRTC technology under the hood instead of Motion JPEG, which
    makes it suitable for building powerful video-streaming solutions for all modern browsers as well as native clients available on
    all major platforms.

    WebGear_RTC is implemented with the help of aiortc library which is built on top of asynchronous I/O framework for Web Real-Time
    Communication (WebRTC) and Object Real-Time Communication (ORTC) and supports many features like SDP generation/parsing, Interactive
    Connectivity Establishment with half-trickle and mDNS support, DTLS key and certificate generation, DTLS handshake, etc.

    WebGear_RTC can handle multiple consumers seamlessly and provides native support for ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment)
    protocol, STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT), and TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT) servers that help us to easily
    establish direct media connection with the remote peers for uninterrupted data flow. It also allows us to define our custom Server
    as a source to transform frames easily before sending them across the network(see this doc example).

    WebGear_RTC API works in conjunction with Starlette ASGI application and can also flexibly interact with Starlette's ecosystem of
    shared middleware, mountable applications, Response classes, Routing tables, Static Files, Templating engine(with Jinja2), etc.

    Additionally, WebGear_RTC API also provides internal wrapper around VideoGear, which itself provides internal access to both
    CamGear and PiGear APIs.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        enablePiCamera=False,
        stabilize=False,
        source=None,
        camera_num=0,
        stream_mode=False,
        backend=0,
        colorspace=None,
        resolution=(640, 480),
        framerate=25,
        logging=False,
        time_delay=0,
        **options
    ):
        """
        This constructor method initializes the object state and attributes of the WebGear_RTC class.

        Parameters:
            enablePiCamera (bool): provide access to PiGear(if True) or CamGear(if False) APIs respectively.
            stabilize (bool): enable access to Stabilizer Class for stabilizing frames.
            camera_num (int): selects the camera module index which will be used as Rpi source.
            resolution (tuple): sets the resolution (i.e. `(width,height)`) of the Rpi source.
            framerate (int/float): sets the framerate of the Rpi source.
            source (based on input): defines the source for the input stream.
            stream_mode (bool): controls the exclusive YouTube Mode.
            backend (int): selects the backend for OpenCV's VideoCapture class.
            colorspace (str): selects the colorspace of the input stream.
            logging (bool): enables/disables logging.
            time_delay (int): time delay (in sec) before start reading the frames.
            options (dict): provides ability to alter Tweak Parameters of WebGear_RTC, CamGear, PiGear & Stabilizer.
        """
        # raise error(s) for critical Class imports
        import_dependency_safe("starlette" if starlette is None else "")
        import_dependency_safe("aiortc" if aiortc is None else "")

        # initialize global params
        self.__logging = logging

        custom_data_location = ""  # path to save data-files to custom location
        data_path = ""  # path to WebGear_RTC data-files
        overwrite_default = False
        self.__relay = None  # act as broadcaster

        # reformat dictionary
        options = {str(k).strip(): v for k, v in options.items()}

        # assign values to global variables if specified and valid
        if options:
            if "custom_data_location" in options:
                value = options["custom_data_location"]
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    assert os.access(
                        value, os.W_OK
                    ), "[WebGear_RTC:ERROR] :: Permission Denied!, cannot write WebGear_RTC data-files to '{}' directory!".format(
                        value
                    )
                    assert os.path.isdir(
                        os.path.abspath(value)
                    ), "[WebGear_RTC:ERROR] :: `custom_data_location` value must be the path to a directory and not to a file!"
                    custom_data_location = os.path.abspath(value)
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `custom_data_location` value!")
                del options["custom_data_location"]  # clean

            if "overwrite_default_files" in options:
                value = options["overwrite_default_files"]
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    overwrite_default = value
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `overwrite_default_files` value!")
                del options["overwrite_default_files"]  # clean

            if "enable_live_broadcast" in options:
                value = options["enable_live_broadcast"]
                if isinstance(value, bool):
                    if value:
                        self.__relay = MediaRelay()
                        options[
                            "enable_infinite_frames"
                        ] = True  # enforce infinite frames
                        logger.critical(
                            "Enabled live broadcasting for Peer connection(s)."
                        )
                    else:
                        None
                else:
                    logger.warning("Skipped invalid `enable_live_broadcast` value!")
                del options["enable_live_broadcast"]  # clean

        # check if custom certificates path is specified
        if custom_data_location:
            data_path = generate_webdata(
                custom_data_location,
                c_name="webgear_rtc",
                overwrite_default=overwrite_default,
                logging=logging,
            )
        else:
            # otherwise generate suitable path
            data_path = generate_webdata(
                os.path.join(expanduser("~"), ".vidgear"),
                c_name="webgear_rtc",
                overwrite_default=overwrite_default,
                logging=logging,
            )

        # log it
        self.__logging and logger.debug(
            "`{}` is the default location for saving WebGear_RTC data-files.".format(
                data_path
            )
        )

        # define Jinja2 templates handler
        self.__templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="{}/templates".format(data_path))

        # define custom exception handlers
        self.__exception_handlers = {404: self.__not_found, 500: self.__server_error}
        # define routing tables
        self.routes = [
            Route("/", endpoint=self.__homepage),
            Route("/offer", self.__offer, methods=["GET", "POST"]),
            Mount(
                "/static",
                app=StaticFiles(directory="{}/static".format(data_path)),
                name="static",
            ),
        ]

        # define middleware support
        self.middleware = []

        # Handle RTC video server
        if "custom_stream" in options or not (source is None):
            # Handle video source
            self.__default_rtc_server = RTC_VideoServer(
                enablePiCamera=enablePiCamera,
                stabilize=stabilize,
                source=source,
                camera_num=camera_num,
                stream_mode=stream_mode,
                backend=backend,
                colorspace=colorspace,
                resolution=resolution,
                framerate=framerate,
                logging=logging,
                time_delay=time_delay,
                **options
            )
            # add exclusive reset connection node
            self.routes.append(
                Route("/close_connection", self.__reset_connections, methods=["POST"])
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "[WebGear_RTC:ERROR] :: Source cannot be NoneType without Custom Stream(`custom_stream`) defined!"
            )

        # copying original routing tables for further validation
        self.__rt_org_copy = self.routes[:]
        # collects peer RTC connections
        self.__pcs = set()

    def __call__(self):
        """
        Implements a custom Callable method for WebGear_RTC application.
        """
        # validate routing tables
        assert not (self.routes is None), "Routing tables are NoneType!"
        if not isinstance(self.routes, list) or not all(
            x in self.routes for x in self.__rt_org_copy
        ):
            raise RuntimeError("[WebGear_RTC:ERROR] :: Routing tables are not valid!")

        # validate middlewares
        assert not (self.middleware is None), "Middlewares are NoneType!"
        if self.middleware and (
            not isinstance(self.middleware, list)
            or not all(isinstance(x, Middleware) for x in self.middleware)
        ):
            raise RuntimeError("[WebGear_RTC:ERROR] :: Middlewares are not valid!")

        # return Starlette application
        self.__logging and logger.debug("Running Starlette application.")
        return Starlette(
            debug=(True if self.__logging else False),
            routes=self.routes,
            middleware=self.middleware,
            exception_handlers=self.__exception_handlers,
            on_shutdown=[self.__on_shutdown],
        )

    async def __offer(self, request):
        """
        Generates JSON Response with a WebRTC Peer Connection of Video Server.
        """
        # get offer from params
        params = await request.json()
        offer = RTCSessionDescription(sdp=params["sdp"], type=params["type"])

        # initiate stream
        if not (self.__default_rtc_server is None) and not (
            self.__default_rtc_server.is_launched
        ):
            self.__logging and logger.debug("Initiating Video Streaming.")
            self.__default_rtc_server.launch()

        # setup RTC peer connection - interface represents a WebRTC connection
        # between the local computer and a remote peer.
        pc = RTCPeerConnection()
        self.__pcs.add(pc)
        self.__logging and logger.info("Created WebRTC Peer Connection.")

        # track ICE connection state changes
        @pc.on("iceconnectionstatechange")
        async def on_iceconnectionstatechange():
            logger.debug("ICE connection state is %s" % pc.iceConnectionState)
            if pc.iceConnectionState == "failed":
                logger.error("ICE connection state failed.")
                # check if Live Broadcasting is enabled
                if self.__relay is None:
                    # if not, close connection.
                    await pc.close()
                    self.__pcs.discard(pc)

        # Change the remote description associated with the connection.
        await pc.setRemoteDescription(offer)
        # retrieve list of RTCRtpTransceiver objects that are currently attached to the connection
        for t in pc.getTransceivers():
            # Increments performance significantly, IDK why this works as H265 codec is not even supported :D
            capabilities = RTCRtpSender.getCapabilities("video")
            preferences = list(filter(lambda x: x.name == "H265", capabilities.codecs))
            t.setCodecPreferences(preferences)
            # add video server to peer track
            if t.kind == "video":
                pc.addTrack(
                    self.__relay.subscribe(self.__default_rtc_server)
                    if not (self.__relay is None)
                    else self.__default_rtc_server
                )

        # Create an SDP answer to an offer received from a remote peer
        answer = await pc.createAnswer()

        # Change the local description for the answer
        await pc.setLocalDescription(answer)

        # return Starlette json response
        return JSONResponse(
            {"sdp": pc.localDescription.sdp, "type": pc.localDescription.type}
        )

    async def __homepage(self, request):
        """
        Return an HTML index page.
        """
        return self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "index.html")

    async def __not_found(self, request, exc):
        """
        Return an HTML 404 page.
        """
        return self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "404.html", status_code=404)

    async def __server_error(self, request, exc):
        """
        Return an HTML 500 page.
        """
        return self.__templates.TemplateResponse(request, "500.html", status_code=500)

    async def __reset_connections(self, request):
        """
        Resets all connections and recreates VideoServer timestamps
        """
        # get additional parameter
        parameter = await request.json()
        # check if Live Broadcasting is enabled
        if (
            self.__relay is None
            and not (self.__default_rtc_server is None)
            and (self.__default_rtc_server.is_running)
        ):
            logger.critical("Resetting Server")
            # close old peer connections
            if parameter != 0:  # disable if specified explicitly
                coros = [pc.close() for pc in self.__pcs]
                await asyncio.gather(*coros)
                self.__pcs.clear()
            await self.__default_rtc_server.reset()
            return PlainTextResponse("OK")
        else:
            # if does, then do nothing
            return PlainTextResponse("DISABLED")

    async def __on_shutdown(self):
        """
        Implements a Callable to be run on application shutdown
        """
        # close Video Server
        self.shutdown()
        # collects peer RTC connections
        coros = [pc.close() for pc in self.__pcs]
        await asyncio.gather(*coros)
        self.__pcs.clear()

    def shutdown(self):
        """
        Gracefully shutdown video-server
        """
        if not (self.__default_rtc_server is None):
            self.__logging and logger.debug("Closing Video Server.")
            self.__default_rtc_server.terminate()
            self.__default_rtc_server = None
        # terminate internal server aswell.
        self.__default_rtc_server = None